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Kidney Disease

Kidney disease, or renal disease, refers to any condition that damages or impairs the function of the kidneys. These organs are responsible for filtering waste and excess fluid from the blood, and maintaining electrolyte balance. Kidney disease can range from mild to severe, with chronic kidney disease (CKD) being a common and progressive form where the kidneys gradually lose their function over time.

Types of Kidney Diseases:

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): A gradual loss of kidney function over time, often caused by diabetes or high blood pressure. 

Kidney Stones: Solid mineral deposits that form inside the kidneys. 

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs):
 
Infections that affect the urinary tract, including the kidneys. 

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD):
 
A genetic disorder where cysts develop in the kidneys, leading to enlargement. 

Glomerulonephritis:
 
Inflammation of the tiny filtering units (glomeruli) in the kidneys. 

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI):
 
A sudden and severe loss of kidney function, which can be temporary or progress to chronic kidney disease. 
 

Other Conditions: Including Alport syndrome, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and various glomerular diseases. 

 
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Causes of Kidney Disease:

Diabetes: High blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels in the kidneys. 

High Blood Pressure: Can put strain on the small blood vessels in the kidneys. 

Kidney Stones:
 
Can block the flow of urine and lead to damage. 

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs):
 
Can cause inflammation and damage. 

Glomerulonephritis:
 
Can damage the kidney’s filtering units. 

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD):
 
A genetic disorder that causes cysts in the kidneys. 

Certain Medications:
 
Some drugs can be harmful to the kidneys. 

Exposure to Toxins:
 
Heavy metals and certain chemicals can damage the kidneys. 

Family History:
 
Some kidney diseases, like PKD, are inherited. 

Underlying Medical Conditions:
 
Such as heart disease, lupus, and other autoimmune disorders. 
 

Treatment of Kidney Disease:

Managing Underlying Conditions: Controlling diabetes and high blood pressure is crucial. 

Lifestyle Changes: Dietary changes, exercise, and smoking cessation can help manage the disease. 

Medications:
 
To manage blood pressure, diabetes, and other complications. 

Dialysis:
 
A procedure to filter blood when the kidneys are unable to do so. 

Kidney Transplant:
 
Replacing damaged kidneys with a healthy one. 
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